Disk harrow



(Nb Model.) I 8 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. M. CLARK.

DISK HARROW.

N0. 514,208; Patented Feb. 6, 1894.

(No Model.) s Sheets-Sheet 2.-

,G.M. OLA RK.

DISK HARROW.

Patented Feb 6, 1894.

' (N0 Mode 1.) s Sheets-Sheet s.

G. MVOLARK.

DISK HARROW.

Patented Feb ('No Model.)

I 8 Sheets-Sheena. G. M. CLARK.

DISK HARROW.

Patented Feb. 6, 1894.

I WLIH (N0 Model.) 8 Sheets-Sheet; 5.

G. CLARK. .DISKHARROW.

No. 514,208. Patent ed Feb 6,1894.

. jz zrz/tol': WA W/JIJI (WI/7 w all/Z4 a Q 7 r/i y;

.G. M. CLARK.

8 Sheets-Sheet 6.

(Nd MoQel.)

ms HARROW.

Patented Feb. 6

G. M. CLARK.

' a Sheets-Sheet 7,

DISK HARROW.

(No Model.)

Patented Feb. 6-; 1894.

Z G I Iva/6711 07 W M.

s sheets shet s.

(No Model.)

G. M. CLARK.

Patented Febl 6, 1894 DISK HARBOW.

FFICE;

enoacn' MARSHALL CLARK, or HlGGANUM. oonNEo Ic T.

DISK MARROW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters. Patent No. 514,208, dated February 6, 1884. Application filed October 19 1892. Serial No. 449.379. (N o model.)

To aill 'whiom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE MARSHALL CLARK, of I-Iigganum, in the township of Haddam and county of Middlesex, in the State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful: Improvements in Disk Harrows; and I I do hereby declare that the following specification, taken in connection with the drawings furnished and forming-a part of the tionof my invention.

sa'me, is a clear, true, and complete descripwith special reference, to affording a disk harrow, adapted; to operate within a wide range .of requirements, including all of those which are ordinarily involved, and some others, which as I believe, have never before been provided-for in such machines. Inmy present machines, disk gangs having gang frames are employed, and, broadly stated, one feature of my invention consists in the combination with gangs, and their frames, of a pole,and a head plank rigidly attached cross-wise to the pole, at ri ht angles thereto at its rear end, and

provi ed with numerous variably located bolt seats or bolt connections which enable the gangs to-be variably adjusted as follows: an-.

gularly to the line of draft and inclined ineither direction, or atright angles thereto;

also, to be located closely adjacent to the pole, Y

and with their inner ends either considerably separated, or closely adjacent to each other; and also, so that either or both gangs may be located variably remgte from the pole; and,

Stillflllilhel, so that the gangs may be reversed in'any of said positions, and operated so asto effect either an outward or an inward d1splacement of, soil.

. In their simple and inexpensive forms, rnymachines involve separately located bolt seats, alforded by simple holes fOI IQCBIYIDg bolts, which secure the gang frames to the head plank; and for making angular adjustments ot' the gang frames, and reversals of the disk gangs, the-separate manipulation of'each gang' is required, as well-as of its bolts; but my machines in some of their best forms, embody draft bars, which are connected with the pole, and also directly connected with the disk gang? frames, so that both gangs may be swung L mult-aneously, into, and out of working d- -justment'; also so that reversals of the gangs 7 when located near the pole,'can be accomplished withont changing the connections of the draft barswwith the gang frames, whether the latter be pivoted at one end thereof, or at the other, to the head "plank; When one. or both of the disk gangs are located at the outer end or ends of the head plank, their reversal involves at each gang, the bolt seats, or, in other words, the bolt connections 'with the head plank, and also those which connect with the draft bars.

VJith only one of the gangs located remotely from the pole, and the other located near the pole,-the machine is. adjusted at-what'I will term half extension, the full adjustment "being made by having both gangs located as remotely from the pole as is possible, and under either of these several last named adju'st- 7o ments, which I believe to be novel in a disk harro w, the gangs may be effectively operated beneath low lying branches of trees, as in orchards andorange groves, and to elTect an outward or an inward displacement of soil, 7;

more or less closely adjacent to' the trunks of thetrees, and to perform this work without liability of injuryv to the foliage, flowers, or fruit ot'the overhanging branches, either by contact with team;

The disks in my machines, may be of any. of the well known concavo convex foi'ms, and whethersolid, or made. up of separate plates,

but the bestresults. will accrue from the use of such disks as have blades, with working edges, as heretofore patented to me, the edges of the blades now peed, beingtam gential at -both the f'rontand rear; this being tangen tial importantrin a reversible bladed disk,so that in ei'theradjustment, the front cutting edge will be tangential to the central working face, the outer edge of each blade being concentric with the,axis of the disk. For specially-adapt ing my machines for working the sides of: planted rows, each gang has at one or both ends, a disk which is largerin diameter than the other disks in the gang. I am aware that it is not new to embody in one gang, a series of disks graduated in di [00 ameter, from a large disk at one end, to a su all disk at t e other end of the gang. The axlesg-cif such ngs were not only inclined to thellne of draft, as in my machines, but also a shifting of 60 the machine, the driver, or the 80 with respectof a horizontal plane; or in other words, inclined downwardly from the large to p the small disks, so that the latter would penetrate the soil as deeply as the larger disks. In my machine, the one or the two large disks at the end or ends of a gang do, and are designed to cut more deeply into the soil than all of the others, these latter being unitorm in diameter, and the gang axle being always substantially horizontal, or at least when in service, being always parallel with the surface of the ground underlying it. I have also devised a simple form of elod breaker, which like those heretofore patented to me, are so located between the disks, as to render it practically impossible for roots, grass and weeds to get wrapped around the axle. My improved elod breakers, are metallic straps, suspended from the gang frame, and are in front of, and at the rear of the axle, and also underlie the axle, thus rendering them specially well adapted for use with reversible disk gangs, and those straps which are between the disks, where the bearings are located, serve not only as elod breakers, but also as reliable lateral braces for the journal box hangers or standards.

After describing my improved machines,as illustrated in the drawings, the features deemed novel, will be duly specified, in the several clauses of claims hereunto annexed.

Referring to the drawings-Figurcs 1 and 2, illustrate one otmy machines in its best form, in plan view, and rear elevation, and as when adapted to ordinary service, but with the gangs set on a lineat right angles to the pole, as for transit to and from a field. Fig. 5), illustrates the same in plan view, as when adjusted for actuahservicc, the disks being so arranged as to effect an outward displacement of soil, and with the inner ends of the gangs as near together, as is practicable with this machine. Fifj. 4, illustrates the same in plan view, with the gangs set for effecting an inward displacement of soil. Fig. 5, illustrates the sa'mc in plan view, but with the gan s arranged for inward displacement, but pivoted at their outer ends, and aiiording a somewhat wider space between the inner ends of the gangs, than when the gangs are pivoted at their inner onds, as in Fig. 4. Fig. (l, in plan view, illustrates the machine adjusted for outward displacement, but otherwise as in Fig. 5. Fig. 7, in plan View, illustrates the machine with one of its H gangs ad usted as tiling. (1, and the other widely separated therefrom, and as remotely from the pole, as possible, this being what may be termed a half extension adjustmdnt, with both'gangs set foroutwarddisplacement of soil. Fig. 8, in plan view, illustrates the machine at half extension adjustment, and with the gangs arranged for inward displace ment. Fig. l,in plan view illustrates the machine at full extension adjustment, with. the angs arranged for outward displecbmenti Fig. 10, in plan view, illustrates the full ox.-

tension adjustment with the gangs arranged for inward displacement. Fig. 11, is a cross vertical section of the machine, on linear, Fig. 2, showing the relations of one of the elod breakers, to a journal box, and its hanger or standard. Fig. 12, is a cross vertical section, of the machine, on line 1 Fig. 2, showing the relations of the elod breakers to the gang frame,and the gang axle. Fig. 13, illustrates the construction of the elod breakers in two parts, each connected at its lower end with the journal box shell or casin". Figs. 1 1- and 15, in plan view, illustrate my machines spc' cially adapted for working the sides tplanted rows, the gangs being adjusted respectively, for inward and outward displacement of soil, each gang having a large disk at the inner end (in Fig. 15, at both ends), and the gangs being more widely separately at their inner ends, than when adjusted as in Figs. 4- or 5. Figs. 1b, 17 and 18, in two top views, and a vertical central section, illustrate one end of 'a head plank, with a single bolt seat or hole, capable of being shifted from either position of adjustment, to the other. Figs. 19 to 20 inclusive, in plan views, illustrate one of my machines in its most simple and inexpensive form, the several adjustments illustrated, corresponding with those shown respectively if Figs. 3 to 10 inclusive.

1 will first describe my machine, illustrated in Figs. 1 to ](l. The machine thus shown, is provided with a pole A, for use with a double team, but when one horse machines are desired, an appropriately small number of disks are employed, usually four in agang, and the thills are connected with a cross bar, bolted to a pole butt, which corresponds with the rear portion of this pole A, and in either case, attached firmly to a head plank or gang coupler beam, ii. The coupler beam is prefcrablyeomposed of hard wood,in the form of a plank, although it can be made of metal,in which case its contour, thickness, and lateral tilll'lUllSlOllS may obviously, be quite unlike those of the wooden beam shown. This head plank, may be only short enough to serve as a support for the pole, and as a coupler beam adapted to admit of a reversible adjustment; of the disk gzuigs 0, without departure from certain portions of my invention, butin machines embodying my extension improvement, the head plank should at least, be as long as the combined length of the two gang frame planks a, to which the journal box standards I), are connected. Each gang, frame a, is provided with five vertical bolt holcs,one in the middle at a, and others at each end as at a and a with intermediate holes as at a and a, and still other holes therein afford entrance to the hollow standards 1), within which suitable lubricant ,,is carried. This head plank l affords a wide or full extension adjustment,and it is provided with several sets of bolt scats,or holes, pr openings. The large holes or openings 0', and c intermediate between/ the pairs of bolt seats, at each side of the pole,attord free spaces, for long;

(seeFiglZ) vertical bolts c,having sleeves o by means *of which, the draft bars or links, D, D',are directlycon'pled to the gang planks -5 a, the sleeves permitting the firm clamping {of the gang. planks, with or to,the draft bars,

.to thedratt bars, by means of bolts in the lat,

tor, and elongated bolt holes in the bar, as clearly indicated,

otherof two pivotbolts d, by means of which the gang frames and their planks mare swiveled, hinged, or. pivoted to orgupon, the head z'o plank B, and provide vfor certain adjustments of the gangs, will be hereinafter fully. dej ,sci-ibed, as well as those pertaining-to the sec- "ond line, or series of bolt seats, or holes d? 01 l and d, which also at times receive said bolts (1. 2 5' These bolt holes being-i 11 pairs (1' 61 d d, did,

I jand d (i afford shiftingbolt seats, whichwill registerwith appropriate boltse'ats in the gang 'frame, itbeing necessary for efiecting are- "versal of a disk gang, that the bolt d, should so oceupy a differently located seat, and hence it is immaterial, so far as this shifting capac- If ity is concerned, whether the diiferent bolt seats are afforded by two separate holes in the head plank, orby a single'hole,.which can be so shifted, as. to occupy either of, the

.two positions,-'which are afforded by a pair of bolt holes,'as will behereinafter more fully indicated. The several holes e, in the head plank, serve as mere ducts, or entrances 4oto thef-hollow standards b,'through or from I which, lubricating matter is supplied to the 'fdisk gang journa'l'boxes. Several of these holes are required, and when either one of them registers with the lubricating chamber of a standard, it is closed by means of a plug persideof the linksh, h',w-ith the bolts 1 e, the plugs being transferred'to'the corre-' sponding holes in the gang frames,-when'the latter are projected beyond the head plank.

The draft'ba'rs D,"D, at their front ends, are

so strongly coupled bymeans of linksfif, one

above, and the-other below the.pole,and connected with the arms by bolts f ,f These two links, have each a centrally located hole, and the pole at flthat point, is centrally pro- 5 5 vided with several holes f in line with each ;other, and lengthwise of the pole, so that eitherf'of these hblesmay be occupied by a docking pin g, which is long enough to pass )tbrough thepole, and occupy both of the holes in the two links-f, f. A hand lever-E,

pivotedto av'base'whichis'bolted to the up pole, is connected by rods or f J, at the forward end ofthedraft bars I), D,thns providiug for throwing the gangs into and out of working position.-' A seat stand socket F,

mot the usual form, is mounted on the rear end v The series ofholes d, 11 r5 dad, in the head plank are in line'with each other, and each serves as a seat, for one or the of the pole, for receiving the spring standard of a drivers seat F, the latter, occupying a position which will enable the driver to readily displace and apply the locking bolt 9, and

to operate the hand lever E. The disks G, I

dated August .370, 1887, in that-the blades have front cutting edges'dwhich are tangen-. tial to'the central earthworking surface, and

'theyhave outer cutting edges '5, which are concentric to theaxis of-the disk. These disks being reversible, are provided with blades which have two" tangential working edges iand i one or the other of which, is for the time being, the front working edge of the blade, according to the adjustment of the gang, for efiecting an outward, or an inward, displacement of soil. v i v s For adapting the machine under certain adj nstments to operate with special reference to rows of young crops, one (or both) of the end disks of each gang, is larger in diameter than the others, so that whether adjusted for outward or inward displacement, there will.

be an extra working of the soil at the two sides of a row, as will be hereinafter more fully described. The gang axles H, 11, consist as heretofore, of a central rod, and sleeves or spools between the disks, and they are provided with tight wooden journal boxes constructed in accordance with disclosures in my Letters Patent No. 4C7 8,311, datedJ My 5, 1892,- and, as therein described, the boxes are-longitudinally confined, and arranged to receive at their ends, the end thrusts, of the axle, incident to the operation of the disks. The hollow standard b, as in myprior machines, serve as reservoirs for a suitable lubricant, which, entering the top of the box centrally, works its Way downwardly and outwardly, to the ends of the boxes, edectually preventing the inward passage of grit and dirt. The axle journals, are flanged spools or sleeves pro' vided with collars k, It, so that the end thrust bearings, are between the inner surfaces of the collars, and the ends of the boxes, the grain of the wood in the latter, being presented endwise, and affording a specially desirable bearing surface, and especially when floured plumbago is used asa partof the lujbricant employed. In my present machines, I employ between the disks double clod breakers I, and I, which involve certain fealr 0 tures heretofore patented to me in this connection, in that the clod breakers of Figs. 1 to 12 are suspended, and extend to and beneath the axle, and effectually-guard against the] balling or wrapping of roots, weods,-and grass around the axle, as disclosed in my Letters Patent No. ii-hGGZ, dated January 13,1891. In this machine, the clod breakers I, as specially shown in Fig. 1.2, are of a novel form, and being double, are specially suited for reversible gangs, each d able clod breaker being a suspended bow shaped metal strap, secured to the two edges of the gang frame plank a, and so as to hang in front and at the rear of the axle, and with the lower end beneath the axle. These clod breakers may be rigidly attached, but when loosely mounted, so that they may vibrate to and fro, they are less liable to retain soil on their upper surfaces near the axle, and are better able to discharge the trash liable to be caught thereon. The elod breakers I, are located in line with the box standards I), at the front and rear thereof, and while they operate like the elod breakers 1, they also serve as lateral. braces for the standards, because they are tilted to snugly engage with the under side of the box casing, as shown in Fig. 11, and sometimes they are pinned or otherwise looked thereto, and also securely attached to both edges of the gang frame plank (t. In working on stony ground, the clod-breakers I, as thus constructed, often enable the box standards to override bowl ders which might otherwise by shock therewith, severely strain the machine. Allof the advantages, except the last, will accrue, it the clod breakers be constructed in two parts, as at 1 one for each side, and each provided at its lower end, with a point or hook, for snugly cngagin with an eye I, as illustrated in 13. This arrangement, involves that portion of my iIlV6HtiOIl,Wi1i0l1 consists in the com bination with the box casing, and standard, of clod breakers, which are pendent from both edges of the gang plank, and are firmly connected with the box casing or the standard.

Referring now to Figs. 1, and 2, it will be seen that the two disk gangs 0, C, are arranged at right angles to the pole, as when moving the machine from place to place,and that the convex sides of the disks,are toward the pole. lhe gangs are set with their inner ends, as near to each other as is practicable in gang frame machines, and as here shown, the machine is arranged forthe performance of ordinary duty, with an outward displacement of soil. The hand lever E, is inclined rearwardly, and the locking pin g, is in place. The pivot bolts d, (l occupy the holes (1 and al in the head plank, and the draft-bars I), l), are directly connected through the holes c and c centrally with the gang frames. Now, upon removing the locking 'pin g, and throwing the hand lever E, forwardly, the two disk gangs will be inclined to the line of draft, as shown in Fi 3, the degree of inclination being determined by whichever of the several holes f, in the-pole may be occupied by the locking pin g, for uniting the draft-arms to the pole. Now if an inward displacement of soil. is required, the disk gangs, may be restance volved or swung," around on their holler, without disturbing the connections of the gauge with the draft arms, the only change .rerpiired from the last adjustment, being first, the removal. of the pivot bolts (1, cl, and after swine ing the gang frames, said bolts are irniertcd into the holes d and 17 in the head plank as illustrated in Fig.4. in this case,whcn the machine is adjusted for the road, thohandlovcr E, is inclined forwardly, and hence pulling it rearvardiy, sets the gau gs i u to their inclined or working positions, and they are then confined therein, by the locking bolt 't r'hen operated as thus adjusted, there is but little un'worked soil between the inner ends of the gangs, and this is the mode of working, which is most generally required. it will be now seen, that with reference to the adjustments shown in Figs. 3 and 4, only the central portion of the head plank i3, is applied to actual service, as a coupler bcan;1,and alsoas a support for the pole, thus uniting the two gangs, and affording their pivotal connections. it is the refers to be u uderstood, that the feature of my invention, which includes the direct connection of the draft bars with the gang frames, and a head. plank which enables the gangs to be reversed, without disconnecting the draft arms, is in no manner dependent upon a long head plant: as shown, although such a head plank is desirable and useful, even independently of the full extension fear ture, because it enables the gangs to he more widely separated. at their inner ends, when in working position, whether foroutward, or in ward displacement of soil. its, for instance, as shown in Fig. 5. in this adjustment, the gangs are arranged for inward displacement, but instead of being pivoted to thehead plank at their inner ends, their pivotrlbolts d, cl, nccupy holes at, and 11, near the outer ends of the head plank. The draft arms, as before, are connected centrally with the gang f ramea, and hence when the gangs are inclined for service, their inner ends, swing away from. each other and afford a central width of the worked soil, or a strip, in which youngplants may be growin' For adj listing the machine to etfectan out: ward displacement of the soil, it will. be only necessary to reverse the pivot liloltn (Z, swing the gangs around, and insert the bolts, this time in the holes dand dials shown in liig. ll.

rent" For working" under the lowlying branches of trees, in an orange grove, for instance, it

is sometimes specially desirable to also thoroughly work the central space between the rows of trees, and for this purpose, only a half extension adjustment will be required. In this case, one of the gangs remainsin its normal position, and the other is centrally pivoted near the appropriate end of the head plank. As for instance, when adjusted for outward displacement, asshown in Fig. 7. In this case, the non extended gang 0, is pivoted as in Fig. 6, but the gang C, is located with itscenter, beneath the outer end of the I head plank,and is adjustment, no

, D, then reconnected with t gangs are arranged foro half of,its lcngt plank, and enabling themachine to operate pivoted thereto, its bolt d, seat or hole d in the head plank. In making this adjustment, however, the draft bar D, is connected with the -inner end 'of the gang, as clearly shown. chine 1s to be then adj nsted,"for inward displacement, and remain at the half extension disconnection is required between the draft bar 'D and the gang but the pivot bolt (2, is removed, the gang then being swung around, and the bolt d, then in-. sorted in the hole (1'. For reversing the gang 0, the draft arm D, must be disconnected,the pivot bolt d, transferred from hole d to hole (1 the gang swung around, and the draft bar he inner end of gang'fram'e, as shown in Fig. 8. Now for adjusting the machine for working underits full extension capacity, bothutward displacement, 9, each gang extending nearly 11 beyond-the ends of the head occupying the bolt as shown in Fig.

at each side, in an orchard or grove,beneath low hanging branches of two rows of trees, and to throw soil' toward the trees; or when adjusted asshown in Fig. 10, to displace soil away from them. Now, taking any one of the adjustments shown in Figs. 345 and (5, it will be seen, that the reversibility of the gangs, involves no change whatever, as between the draft arms and the'gang, and only an appropriate shifting of one pivot bolt,'at, each gang. Also, that the adjustments to half extension,:as in Figs. 7jand 8,leave's-on'e gang as before, but with ashiftingofits pivot bolt, and the other gang requiresa shifting of the pivot bolt seat, as wellasa shifting of they draft bar connection. For reversing the gangs, however, one bolt connection in one gang, 1s rearranged, and at the other gang, both bolts are shifted, and both bolts must be, shifted in reversing the two gangs, in either of the full extension adjustments of vFigs. 9 and10,-

As hereinbefore indicated, my machines, when adapted to operatewith special refer ence to working the sides of rows of young crops, are provided with gangs, having at one or both ends, disks'whi'ch are larger .in diameter, than the'others in the same gang, asiillustrated in Figs. 14and15; wherein the gangs are respectively adjusted f oran inward,and an outward displacement of soil. In these adjustments, the inner ends of the gangs'are much more widely separated, than when ar'- ranged as shown in Figs. 4 and 5,'because the connection of the gangs to the head plank, and to the draft bars, is eifected by locating the bolts 0, c, and d, d, in the intermediate holes a and a of the two gang planks. For securing an inward displacement of soil, the pivot boltsd, d, as shown in Fig. 14, occupy the holes (1', and cl, in the head plank, and forsecuring an outward displacement, said bolts d, (l, occupy the head plank holes 11 and d, as shown in Fig. 15, the bolts 0, c, in either adj ustcentrally located holes, at

ment, occupying the large holes 0, and c in of the two inner ends of the gangs, will be worked more deeply than by-the small disks, and weeds and grass adjacent to' planted rows will be effectually cut up by the large disks, and turned beneath the heavily displaced soil.

Although each of the several adjustments described, will be at times required, whether the disks in each gang be of one size, or not, the adjusted separationof the inner ends of the gangs, as shown in Figs. 14:,- and '15, will have its prime value, when the gangs have large disks at their inner ends. 4 When leach gang has a large disk at one endonly, the reversal ot' the gangs will only be practicable If the ma same gang, and therefore the soil in the lines when the large disks are not needed atthe inner ends of the gangs, butwhen the gangs have a large disk atboth ends, as in Fig. 15,-

the reversal thereof will he elfected,as when the disks are all of one'size. It large disks be used at both ends of'each gang, the disks H at the outer ends, will not operate'adversely to good cultivation, but their use will only be warranted, with aview to at'fordingareversal of the'gangsl The organization in a gang of,

disks, or an end disk, larger in diameter than i the others, is a-novel feature of practical value, and it involves one portionof my present in-.

vention.

, In both ot'the forms ot'machine shown, the."

separatelylocated boltseats, in theh-ead plank, aiforded by the holes designated d, d, or (1 d, or dl, d, or dfi dZ-in the arrangement and location with respect of the pole and of the plank, involvejmatters which are essential in vention, which. enables the diskgangs to be cixin the head machines embodying that portion of my i n-. 1m.

operated ,for close working, and at half -extension, as well as at full estension, N The requirement for shifting the several boltsfrom one line to another; is most economically provided for, by the use of separate bolt'holes, in pairs'as shown, butshould slightly increased cost in construction beignored; the shifting of theboltseats, a's'well as the the bolts, at either one or all of "itions of sev r points, av here pairsof holes; are 103% ted; may be accomplished without detaching the bolts,

jet all. As, for instance, as illustrated in, Figsrlfiel? and l8-A large circular hole is cut in the head plank, of sufficient size or a diameter, to include the two bolt holes lit a pair, as well as the speed between them, and 1 at the upper side, this opening i's're'cessedor annularlyrabbeted as at m, Fig. 18'. In this recess a circular turn block 72,, is, rotatively mounted, and securely retained thereinv by means of a cap plate a, bolted securely to the head plank, and having a circular hole somewhat smaller than the turn block, so as to at-v ford an ample overlying retaining flange, as

indicated at n. The turn blcck hasa single bolt hole, as at on, thelewer portion of which is within a lug m integral with the turn block, so as to afford an effective strong seat for the shank of the bolt. A strong adjusting arm on, is securely hinged to the top of the turn block, and at its center, and the cap plate has two pairs of upwardly projecting lugs at n, and nithe space between thelugs in each pair, being such as to snugly receive, and hold, the adjusting arm m ith a disk gang and frame, secured to the head plank by means of the bolt (1, the latter with out any direct manipulation thereof, can be shifted; for instance, from the position of bolt holed, to that of d, by an appropriate rotative movement of the turn block, by means of its adjusting arm, and securely confined in position, by placing the latter in the custody of the appropriate pair of lugsn or 91 Now while there is but one bolt hole in the turn block, andvwhile the shifting of the bolt may be accomplished without manipulating the boltv itself, this organization affords as a matter of fact, two separately located bolt seats, for the reception of bolts for variably coupling a disk gang frame, to a head plank, and hence, when employed in my machines, I dcem this complex arrangement, to be an equivalent of the simple pairs of shifting bolt seats or holes, so far as relates to an effective, variable working adjustment of the disk gangs, with relation to the head plank, and to the pole; and although by reason of its complexity, and by a manipulation of the lever arm of the turn block, an actual displacement and replacement of the bolt is rendered unnecessary,l nevertheless, prefer that the separately located bolt seats near the ends of the head plank, and near the pole should be afforded by the pairs of bolt holes.

It will be obvious, that in the machine Figs. 1 to 15, the rear ends of the draft arms, tfford shifting bolt seats, the latter being sometimes located near the rear sides of the large holes in the gang plank, and at other times, near the front sides of said holes, so that in point of fact, the longitudinal movement of the draft arms, effects the same shifting of the bolt seats, as would result from the use of turn blocks, as described.

A characteristic feature of my machine,considered merely as a reversible barrow, is its capacity for a reversion of the gangs, by the simple displacement, and replacement of 'a single connection at each gang, or, in other words, shifting the seats of the pivot bolts (1. In a non-oxtension, close working barrow, this feature may obviously be embodied by the use of a short head plank, and (instead of the small sleeves a, around the bolts 0), using blocks of wood or metal, slightly thickerthan the head plank, and to thereby maintain the same good connection, (as afforded by the sleeves) between the draft bars and the gangs, and also enabling the surface of the head plank at its ends, to support the draft bars against undue deflections from torsional or twisting movements of the gang frames.

My machine as thus far part1cnlarly described, is far from expensive, is effective, and can be conveniently operated, but it is to be understood that simpler and less cxpensive machines can embody many of the valuable features of my invention, and especially those pertaining tothe full and the half extension capacities, cvenif the draw bars be rigidly and permanently coupled to the pole, and to the head plank, provided the latter, and the gang frames have appropriate bolt seats, or connections, which will enable the gangs to be located and adjusted, in the various ways described, and readily reversed. Such a machine, is shown in Fig. 1.9 to 26 inclusive. The pole A, of this machine, as before described, is in each of these figures, shown to be rigidly connected with this head plank B, but these draft bars D, are rigidly bolted both to the pole, and to thehead plank, the latter having as before describcd,thesevcral separately located bolt seats afforded by the bolt holes cl, d (1, (1, (Z (1,(1- and d, and similar oiling ducts or holes e. Instead of having two large intermediate holes, as in the other head plank, this one has at the same points, and within the same area of space, holes as at c, 0', these being small holes because of the IlQCOSSll-y foraconliningcapacity at the head plank, which in the other machine, is afforded by the draft bars. The disk gangs C, C, are as before described, each of the gang frame planks (1, having the same five bolt holes, one in the middle, one at each end, and the intermediate holes. As all of the gang working strain in this machine, is borne by the head plank, at thepivot or look ing bolts (Z, and o in lines somewhat liable to split the plank, it is well to reinforce the bolt holes with metal straps, as at Z, each having bolt holes therein, and the strap being so shaped, as to well engage with the edges of the head plank. 'lhe disks, the standards, and tho clod breakers, are all as before described.

Referring now to Fig. 19, it will be seen that the two gangs are hinged at their inner ends, to the head plank by the bolts (1, occupying the bolt holes (Z and d, and that if the bolts should be located in the holes d and d, the adjustment would be as in Fig. 1, but the bolts a being in holes at 0 and in the middle holes of the gang frames, the adjnstment corresponds with that shown in Fig. 3, and it is obvious that this machine could perform the same kind of work, and in the same way, as the more expensive, and more convenient machine, first described. In like manner it will be seen, that the adjustment shown in Fig. 20 corresponds with that of Fig. 4; Fig. 21, with Fig. 5; Fig.22,with Fig. 6; Fig. 23, with Fig. 7; Fig. 24, with Fig. 8; Fig. 25, with Fig. 9, and Fig. 26, with Fig.10. A machine of this form, in common with that first dcscribed, cmbodies allof the features of my invention, except such, as include that direct coupling of the draft arms, with the gang frames. I

Although I have shown no scrapers for the disks, it is obvious, that they may be applied as heretofore, to either, or both edges of the gang frame. 7 Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In a disk harrow, the combination substantially as hereinbefore described, of a pair of disk gangs, and gang frames, each having several vertical boltseats or holes; a pole'ya head plank overlying the gang frames, rigidly connected withthe pole and provided with variably located or shifting bolt seats, near the pole at each side thereof, and also at the outer ends of the plank, and other intermediately located bolt seats or holes, and a pair of bolts for each gang frame, adapted to occupysuch appropriate holes or bolt seats in the head plank, as will register with appropriate bolt holes or seats in either gang frame, the organization being such that by a shifting of the position of the bolts, either'or' both disk gangs may be located near to or variably remote from the pole, either at right angles thereto, orinclined therefrom in either direction, and to be reversely adjusted with reference to either an outward, or an inward displacement of soil.

' 2. In a reversible disk barrow, the combina.'

tion substantially as hereinbefore described,

of a draft pole, a head plank rigidly coupled to said pole at right angles thereto; a pair of disk gangs and gang frames, pivot bolts adapted to pccupyappropriate seats or holes in' the head plank and to occupy also other holes in the gang frames according to the desired adjustment-pf the disk gangs with reference to the outward or inward displacement of soil, and draft bars connected with the pole, and also directly connected by means of bolts with the .gang frames, the organization of these parts being such that a reversal of the. gangs requires only the shifting of a single bolt at each gang.

3. In adisk barrow, the combination subwith shifting bolt seats; a pole rigidly connected centrally with the head plank; bolts. adapted to occupy any of said bolt seats in the head plank for pivoting the gangs near the pole or remotely therefrom, and draft bars connected with the pole and also directly connected with the gang frames, the organization being such that the disk gangs may be reversed, hinged at either end or at the middle,- and located either adjacent to the pole, or remotely therefrom at the outer ends of the head plank. v

4. The combination with a reversible disk gang, of double clod breakers suspended from a suitable support above the gang axle, and between the disks, both in-front 0 nd at the rear of the gang axle, and also extended beneath the axle, substantially as described,

' 5. The combinationwith a'disk gang, and a gang frame having journal-Box standards, of clod breakers secured to the gang frame at the frontand at the rear of the standard, and

with the low r end of the standard, and ervextended to {and in close engaging contact and provided near its center and at-each end ingnot only s clod breakers but also as lateral braces for tlie standard, suhstan ia llyas 6, In amadjustable harrow,a pair (if disk gailgs each provided with aseries' of; disks uniform in diameter,-and,having anbnd-"disk' larger in diameter than the other disksiiof the gang,substantially as described;sa1d' disks: being so organized with an axle andframe, that the disks of uniform diametenwill penetra-te to an equal depth, and the end disks cut more deeply into the soil thanya'uyof the described, 4

others. v ,y

GEORGE MAasHALn' CLARK. Witnesses: i

WELLINGTON H. WART, WILLIAM H. BROWN. 

